Socrates, who lived in Athens from 470 to 399 BCE, is often regarded as the founder of Western philosophy and the first moral philosopher. But his life looked nothing like that of a modern academic.
He had no degree. He … Read the rest
What Is a Philosopher?
Before offering guidance, we must define what a philosopher is. Today, the word refers to at least two kinds of people: academic professors and lovers of wisdom.
Only recently have lovers of wisdom begun reclaiming the title. In academic settings, … Read the rest
Reincarnation in Early Christianity
Some early interpretations of Christianity included the idea of reincarnation. Certain passages in the New Testament have been read in this light. For example, Jesus identifies John the Baptist with Elijah (Matthew 11:13–14; 17:10–13), which some take to imply a … Read the rest
Christianity as Myth
Christianity functions as the foundational myth of Western civilization. Myths provide the framework through which we interpret reality and make sense of our lives. In the West, Christianity has long supplied that framework.
For centuries, the Bible stood at the … Read the rest
Sin is Selfishness
Many have recognized that the root of all sin is selfishness. It separates us from others and lies at the center of every moral failure. Sin, at its core, is the will turned inward upon itself. Sin is a breaking … Read the rest
Impartial Benevolence
The moral law requires us to place the interests of others on equal footing with our own. It means seeking the highest good of others as we seek our own highest good. This is impartial benevolence, or goodwill.
Many traditions … Read the rest